On 17 October 2004, elections to the House of Representatives and a national referendum took place in Belarus.

According to the central election commission, Aleksandr Lukashenko won yet another sweeping victory on that day. Only two seats remained vacant in the House of Representatives after the poll, in which 108 candidates had been elected. The last two seats were filled on 27 October 2005 (second round) and 20 March 2006 (by-election). No opposition representatives were elected to the House of Representatives.

The elections to the Council of the Republic were non-competitive. All in all, there were 56 candidates. All of them were elected members of the Council. Eight members represented each of six Oblasts and the capital city of Minsk in the Council of the Republic. The President appointed the remaining eight members.

The referendum that was help alongside with the 17 October elections had been called to lift the constitutional two-term limit on the presidency and to allow Lukashenko's running for re-election. According to the central election commission, a majority of eligible voters accepted the referendum proposal to amend the Constitution and to let Lukashenko take part in the 2006 presidential elections.

Opposition slammed both the elections and the referendum. It accused the authorities of fraud and of illegal massive agitation on the polling day. On that day, two sociological groups i.e. Gallup's Baltic Service and a just-created Ecoom ran exit polls in Belarus. The results differed a lot. Most of the multinational organisations and observing teams, especially those representing Western countries, would not recognise the official results of the elections and the referendum.

Nonetheless, those results were officially announced by the central election commission and came into force in Belarus both de jure and de facto.