Central Election Commission Determines Role of Non-State Media in Election Campaign
2000-09-26
Central Election Commission Determines Role of Non-State Media in Election Campaign
by Yury TAPARASHAU
Lidzija Yarmoshyna, chairperson of the Central
Election Commission (CEC), said at a meeting with journalists that
only state-run mass media may publish the platforms of candidates
for parliament. She said the CEC had no right to impose the obligation
on the independent media. Yarmoshyna added that it was a norm in
all the countries that only state-run mass media may be used in
the election campaign.
However, on September 11, 2000, Yarmoshyna signed
a resolution on the use of the state-run mass media during the election
campaign and the elections. On September 14, the document entered
into force. The resolution is based on paragraph 8 article 33 of
the Electoral Code, which says that the CEC determines the use of
the state-run media in the election campaign. The CEC resolution
names 7 national newspapers that may publish candidates' platforms.
It also establishes the norms of TV and radio airtime for candidates.
The resolution by the Central Election Commission is an ordinary
technical document, or a by-law. Being a by-law, it cannot be at
variance with laws, leave alone substitute them.
Paragraph 1 of the CEC resolution duplicates part 2 of article 46
of the Electoral Code and gives a precise definition of the state-run
mass media. Perhaps, such a detailed description is justified, given
the attitude of some officials, especially local ones, to the non-state
mass media.
The Electoral Code does not provide for using the non-state media
in the election campaign on a par with the state-run ones. Which
means that the non-state mass media are independent and can publish
election materials at their discretion. Nobody can interfere in
their editorial policy if they act within the law on the press and
other mass media.
In this light, paragraph 13 of the resolution contradicts the Electoral
Code and other laws. It says that if the non-state mass media take
part in the election campaign, they are obliged to ensure equal
conditions for the candidates to make public their platforms. If
the non-state mass media provides a space or air to one candidate,
it is obliged to provide the same opportunity to all other candidates
who want to express their views. Paragraph 13 also says that the
non-state mass media cannot charge candidates for publishing their
programs.
The reference to paragraph 1 of article 33 of the Electoral Code,
which the CEC believes to be a sufficient legal ground for paragraph
13 of the resolution, is invalid. Paragraph 1 says that the CEC
holds elections, controls the execution of the electoral law, explains
the electoral law and if necessary, comes up with proposals on the
interpretation of the electoral law. Paragraph 1 says nothing about
the mass media and possible interpretation of their role in the
electoral process. The CEC exceeded its authority in its resolution,
having interpreted the provisions of the Electoral Code in its own
way.
As a result, the electoral law received an obligatory norm for the
independent mass media. Now they are obliged to publish, on specific
terms, platforms of all candidates, unlike the state-run ones, whose
number is limited to 7 in the resolution.
In its resolution, the CEC assumed the law-making functions. Beside
the Electoral Code, it violates a number of other laws, for example,
the law on the press. Article 48 of the press law provides for the
liability of state officials for the encroachment on the mass media
freedom. According to the law, officials cannot censor publications,
interfere in the editorial board's activities and make journalists
disseminate information.
The resolution of the CEC triggers a number of negative consequences
for the non-state mass media. One of the threats comes from the
supervisory board for information disputes under the CEC. It consists
of six representatives of state organizations and will hardly be
objective to the independent media. That was one of the reasons
for the Belarusian Association of Journalists to refuse the CEC's
invitation to join the Board. Now, given the resolution, any candidate
turned down by independent media can complain to the supervisors.
Luckily, the Supervisory Board cannot take any punitive measures
with respect to those who violate the resolution. Besides, while
making their conclusion on the "violations", the Board will have
to refer mostly to the provisions of the Electoral Code, rather
than the CEC resolution.
According to the resolution, candidates are given up to 5 minutes
on national and regional radio and 5 minutes on national and regional
TV in prime time. It is doubtful whether more than 500 candidates
will manage to use the 5 minutes on air without disputes and scandals.
To be on the safe side, all the broadcasts featuring candidates'
programs will be previously recorded before being transmitted.
All the problems mentioned can affect ordinary candidates. Those
who follow the election campaign, could notice that for some candidates,
the Belarusian TV started the election propaganda long before it
was officially permitted. Naturally, as the campaign goes on, such
candidates will find a way to appear on TV more often.